Organizations are incessantly gathering information and data across every element of their supply chains, from oil fields and pipelines, to refineries, power stations and manufacturing. It has been estimated that 90 per cent of the data in the world today has been created in the last two years alone, but it is feared that data overload is causing a barrier to the effective use of this information.
Big data, Big deal
The global oil and gas industry is continually evolving. The forecast decline in investment, production and price of oil, accompanied by ageing assets operating beyond their original design life, has fuelled demand for improved performance, operational uptime and safety through manipulation of big data.
Data exists in many forms. It may be structured or unstructured. It may be generated by systems and machines or by people in many forms. Systems and assets communicating data directly are leading to the ‘Internet of things’. Big data is fundamentally about data on a huge scale, a scale beyond normal levels of analysis. Big data is a big deal when it comes to asset management, and so is the speed with which it is expanding.
According to the EMC ‘Digital Universe of Opportunities’ with Research & Analysis by IDC, the digital universe is doubling in size every two years, and by 2020, will reach 44 zettabytes or 44 trillion gigabytes. To put data and its size into context: A jet engine can generate 10TB of data in 30 minutes, with 25,000 flights per day, the volume of one data source runs into Petabytes. Smart metres and heavy industrial equipment in refineries and oil rigs generate similar volumes. This brings both opportunity and threat — the chance to see previously undiscovered truths about asset performance, and the threat that this can be lost in the noise created by all this volume.
When data is used effectively, it can provide insight and visibility of emerging trends, moving from measuring ‘what is’ to predicting ‘what if’. Used wisely, it can help organisations to achieve operating cost savings, higher production rates and enhanced safety. Big data is defined by the four Vs that identify the challenges every organisation faces when trying to extract insight and value from information for decision making: velocity — the rate at which we gather data; variety — including structured and unstructured data from images, audio and sensors, to logs; volume — from kilobyte to yottabyte being generated in volumes, unheard of even five years ago; and veracity.
Data has been identified as a significant asset to helping organisations achieve their objectives, with real time analogue and digital data collected across both onshore and offshore assets through sensors, monitoring equipment, machine data and logs, helping to make daily operational, as well as long-term strategic decisions.
At the recent Institute of Asset Management Annual Lecture, Professor Richard Clegg, MD of the Lloyd’s Register Foundation, delivered a presentation on big data to over 200 senior executives and directors, focusing on data as ‘the new asset class’.
A survey at the lecture highlighted the vast spectrum of asset management decisions that organisations apply data to, including cost control, managing risk, preventative maintenance, root cause analysis and investment decisions.
Ninety-one per cent of professionals surveyed agreed that the range and types of data their business uses will expand in the next three years. Conversely, the remaining nine per cent said the data they will use in the next three years will only expand ‘slightly’, citing ‘pushing back due to data overload’ and ‘lack of clarity over its use’ as reasons for not exploiting the everincreasing bank of facts and figures.
Data overload
There seems to be little apprehension over how data is collected, with many organisations declaring they have a wealth of data from many sources in a variety of forms; however, concerns over quality, authentication and relevance applied to both historical and new data.
Although data has long supported decisionmaking, the abundance of data streams and the changing digital sphere are proving overwhelming for many organisations.
One executive at the lecture stated, ‘We have lots of historical and new data, but not much information. We need to improve how we extract the insight and actually use it to develop better solutions for our customers and drive our business forward’. This opinion was echoed by a number of organisations and emphasises the need for the appropriately skilled personnel and enhancement of analytics capabilities.
As digital technology continues to swiftly advance, there is the fear that organisations will ‘drown in data’ and not fully realise the benefits of effective data management. This challenge is widely recognised, however, most organisations indicated they are poised to tackle the volume of data.
‘We will get there; it’s a shift in process, resource and reliance. The collection of data needs to be run like any other project with the initial objectives defined, so we know what, why and how we’re collecting data, as well as how it will be used to influence our operational and commercial asset management decisions’, stated a director from a leading power and water transmission company.
A concern was also raised suggesting that the oil and gas industry has the mentality of moving too quickly and therefore doesn’t give time to analysing data due to the sheer volume and questions over veracity. In contrast, if operators had to slow production or shut down for a small period of time following information received from data regarding the condition of equipment, then timely delays can be mitigated and disasters such as the Macondo blowout could be avoided.
This was supported by findings from the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Energy Division’s (ED’s) Key Programme 4 (KP4) report, which investigated the ageing and life extension (ALE) challenges facing hydrocarbon exploration and production installations on the UK’s Continental Shelf (UKCS). The report highlighted evidence of missing data and insufficient data trending, recommending that this should be improved to help anticipate potential future failures and degradation, and predict non-conformance and obsolescence management.
Digital oil field
Many organisations are already successfully managing their data, and the concept of the ‘digital oil field’ with the manipulation of data across the energy industry, isn’t a new theme. BP introduced their ‘Field of the Future®’ technologies to collect, manage and analyse data to deliver operating benefits, whilst Chevron have attributed hundreds of millions in cost savings and improved output to their ‘i-field™’ digital oil field vision.
Technologies and software are required to transform raw data, which must be examined through algorithm and analytical tools, supported by human capability and expertise to help identify valuable insights and add context to the data.
Lloyd’s Register offers customers a software solution for data management with its AllAssets programme, a fully integrated Inspection Data Management System (IDMS), including Risk Based Inspection (RBI) and Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM) package, enabling customers to manage their varying assets, processes and data. AllAssets can be applied to all equipment types and assets including pressure vessels, piping, storage tanks, heat exchangers (including bundles), relief devices, subsea structures, pipelines, rotating equipment, fire-proofing, as well as having the capabilities of custom building unique models for any other type of equipment not already included.
It is anticipated that as the challenges of big data are addressed and overcome, the complexity and volume of data gathered and used will result in ‘design for data’ becoming a common theme, similar to current concepts such as ‘design for maintenance’ and ‘design for decommissioning’.
Data to decision
There’s no denying organisations that prioritise big data and combine technical and performance data across all the lifecycle stages will reap the benefits of sustainability, delivery and profitability. They will discover unexpected truths, manage risks and move increasingly to predictive asset management. Amongst other benefits, asset and integrity data will help organisations determine and mitigate potential future risks, forecast equipment failure, predict non-conformance periods, and allow for proactive equipment maintenance. It will provide lessons to feed into the design and construction of new assets, and give insights into completely new ways of working. It will improve inspection programs, prevent down time and unplanned outages, and safely optimise production.